Ocular hypertension and glaucoma

Ocular hypertension and glaucoma

Not all the people who have ocular hypertension will develop glaucoma, not all people with high blood pressure will develop glaucoma.

Nor is arterial hypertension the same as ocular hypertension and the relationship with glaucoma may or may not be correlative. Identifying this causality is vital to establish a treatment regimen.

Relationship between glaucoma and ocular hypertension

El Glaucoma is defined as an optic neuropathy progressive multifactorial cause, where one of the most important risk factors is High intraocular pressure.

With this definition we are pointing out that ocular hypertension, depending on their values ​​and duration time, will cause damage to the optic nerve. When this alteration occurs, then we speak of glaucoma.

We know that the ocular hypertension, which has nothing to do with arterial systemic hypertension, the higher and longer it acts, with higher probability of that ends up generating a glaucoma.

However, not all glaucomas are caused by ocular hypertension, although it is no less true that the majority of glaucomas appear in eyes affected by ocular hypertension.

Diagnosis of glaucoma with ocular hypertension

In this section we highlight the importance of using pruebas diagnostic for power to diagnose precisely those glaucomas in patients with ocular hypertension.

Among them we highlight:

ORA

The ORA is responsible for measuring intraocular pressure adjusted by corneal biomechanics.

Allows us assess intraocular pressure based on pachymetry and corneal elasticity.

Computerized perimetry ocampor visual

The complementary ophthalmological examination that studies the alteration of the campor visual.

The campo visual analyzes and quantifies the sensitivity of the retina to different light stimuli that vary in intensity, size and location. Of fundamental importance in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with glaucoma.

Although it represents a great advance in the diagnosis of glaucoma, only detects alterations from a loss of 40% of retinal ganglion cells, too late to be the only instrument to prevent visual loss.

For this reason, other techniques based on perimetry for the early detection, such as strategies based on shortwave stimuli, blue, on yellow background.

FDT dual frequency analyzer

Based on the selective damage theory and the redundancy theory, the FDT seeks to highlight the specific damage to the nerve fibers of the retina and optic nerve that conduct the motion vision signal.

Various experiences showed that in glaucoma these types of nerve fibers were damaged earlier, so a method was sought that could reveal their alteration.

The Dual Frequency FDT Analyzer allows studying the magnocellular pathway. It is a test that takes less time than a campimetry normal, minor level of patient care y enjoys greater sensitivity y specificity.

Optic nerve injuries are manifested with 20% damage, compared to 40% what was necessary in the campclassical symmetry, which represents a great advance in early diagnosis.

GDX Laser Polarimetry

El GDX study the nerve fiber layer thickness (CFNR), measuring the delay in the beam of a polarized laser, induced by the birefringent microtubules of the axons of the ganglion cells.

Analyzes a strip of the peripapillary RNFL and offers various maps and parameters. Included in the nerve fiber indicator and the relative parameters is the curve that represents the thickness of the nerve fiber layer, TSINT curve.

EL GDX detects lesions from 10% of involvement of the optic nerve.

OCT of papilla and ganglion cells

El OCT for glaucoma with ocular hypertension our lets studyboth quantitatively and qualitatively, the changes that occur in this layer at the level of the peripapillary retina. It also provides morphometric and topographic information on the state of the optic nerve head.

The cape ganglion cells in the macular region indicates significant structural changes for the early diagnosis of glaucoma.

Detection of injuries from 15% of involvement of the optic nerve.